Chenguang Li, Songjie Liao and Jian Yu
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), also known as Bourneville disease, is an autosomal-dominant, neurocutaneous, multisystem disorder [1]. The underlying genetic cause is mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene, which leads to overactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein complex [2,3]. The main clinical features of the disease are facial sebaceous adenomas, epilepsy, and hypophrenia. Currently diagnosis is based on the criteria established at the 2012 International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference [4]. mTOR inhibition is presently the main treatment [2,5]. It is still difficult to differentially diagnose TSC from other conditions such as neurofibromatosis, epilepsy, and mental disease, which makes genetic analysis important in its diagnosis.
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