Shah Kamranur
Due to the use of treatment modalities that enable these patients to survive for longer periods of time and the growth of at-risk populations, fungal infections are becoming more prevalent. Histopathology examination of tissues is and will continue to be an important tool for defining the diagnostic significance of positive culture isolates or PCR results because it detects fungal invasion of tissues and vessels as well as the host reaction to the fungus. However, there are very few situations in which fungi's morphological characteristics are unique. As a result, the fungus should be the primary focus of histopathology diagnosis, as should the host's response to the infection and the presence or absence of tissue invasion. The most frequent fungi associated with that morphology and any other potential fungi or parasites that should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis should be mentioned in the pathology report. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are some of the other methods that have been used to identify the specific agent that is present in the histopathology specimen. Laser micro dissection and other methods will also be helpful in identifying dual fungal infections, which are becoming more common, as well as the environment in which they occur.
Worldwide, over 150 million severe fungal infections are diagnosed each year, resulting in approximately 1.7 million fatalities annually. These numbers are alarmingly constantly rising due to a number of social and medical advancements that have aided the spread of fungal infections over the past few decades. Furthermore, the drawn out remedial application and prophylactic utilization of antifungal medications in high-risk patients have advanced the development of (multi)drug-safe organisms, including the very destructive strain Candida auris. As a result, fungal infections already pose a global threat that is getting worse. In this article, we emphasize the significance of expanding and improving research to combat fungal infections and the consequences they can cause.
In immune-compliant hosts who are healthy, fungi rarely cause disease. Fungi enter the host system by accident or when immunologic defects or other debilitating conditions encourage fungal entry and growth.
KeywordsCandida; resistance; antifungals; yeast; Fungal infections; Pathology; Histopathology diagnosis; Tissues and vessels; Histopathology specimen
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