Ioannis Bountouris
The number of dialysis patients is increasing every year. In this review, we will evaluate the role of Percutaneous Angioplasty (PTA) in relation to arterio venous fistula and graft potential. The main indication for PΤΑ is > 50% stenosis or lumen obstruction of the arterio venous fistula and graft. It is usually performed under local anaesthesia. The infection rate is as low as the number of complications. Fistulas can be used for dialysis during the day without a central venous catheter. Primary ventilation > 50% in the first year while the main ventilation supported is 80-90% during the same period. The repeat PTA is as stable as the primary PTA. Early PTA carries the risk of requiring further intervention. Bubble cup can be used as a second line method. Stents and coated stents are retained to control complications and central venous stenosis with outflow. ATP is the treatment of choice for dialysis fistula stenosis or obstruction. Repeated ATP may be needed for better endurance. Drug elution balls may be the future of dialysis fistula ATP, but more trials are needed. Chronic Renal Failure (CRI) was defined as renal failure or Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, regardless of cause, for at least three months. Chronic renal failure is associated with adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular complications and premature death. The end stage of CKD is renal failure (GFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2).
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