T. Usha Kiran Reddy*, Annegowda H. V, Maged Alkanad, A Anish Kumar, P Harshavardhan
Nephrotoxicity and urotoxicity are two menacing entities that can wreak havoc on renal function and patient well-being, making them a pressing concern in the realms of clinical medicine and drug research. The review examines the underlying causes and mechanisms of these conditions, including drug-induced nephrotoxicity and the effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic agents. In vivo and in vitro methods for studying these outcomes are also explored. The advantages and limitations of different experimental models for studying nephrotoxicity are discussed, such as rodents, zebrafish, and organ-on-a-chip technologies. Additionally, botanical extracts such as Punica granatum and Curcuma longa are considered for their potential therapeutic benefits in managing nephrotoxicity. These extracts have shown antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties that make them promising candidates for future research. This review aims to encourage and inspire further research and innovation in the field of nephrotoxicity and urotoxicity management, by highlighting the potential of botanical extracts and the importance of utilizing experimental models for studying these conditions.
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